inpersonVsOnline
☟
Re: ONLINE TEACHING/LEARNING. We
believe in science.
Online Teaching/Learning may not be as prudent as many educators
and administrators think it is. One recent scientific
study indicates statistically significant differences 3.77**
(critical value of t-test 1.99) plus the Effect Size (ES)
.-0.92 on Midterm Exam (MT), Q2, and Q3, (see below)
between regular in-person classes and online.
…… online teaching/learning may be nothing more than an academic
exercise. Technology can leverage faculty time, but it
also can replace human contact. Other considerations for
the instructor might be the following: How much time would
it take to prepare and to maintain the online supplement
material?
Table 2 Means, Standard Deviations, t-test
Results, and Effect Sizes for Quiz and Examination Data Broken
Down for Comparison and Experimental Groups
w/o
online
w/ online
Comparison
Group
Experimental Group
(Fa97, Fa99, Fa01,
Sp02)
(Fa02, Sp03, Fa03, Sp04)
______________________
______________________
Test
n
M
SD
n
M
SD
t
df ES
Q2
37 84.57
8.75
47 78.17
9.83
3.11** 82 -0.73
Q3
38 73.11
15.47
47 64.40
16.49
2.49*
83 -0.56
MT
39 86.39
6.36
47 80.51
7.82
3.77** 84 -0.92
Show the statistical significance
of INPERSON (w/o online) vs
ONLINE (w/ online).
INPERSON CLASS STUDENTS PERFORMED (98%) BETTER THAN
ONLINE CLASS STUDENTS.
The statistical significance of Group one and Group two is
indicated by the t-value and the associated p-value. From the
table you provided, the t-value for the comparison between Group
one (M=86.39, SD=6.36, n=39) and Group two (M=80.51, SD=7.82,
n=47) is 3.77 with df=84 and a p-value of **0.001.
Since the p-value is less than the conventional alpha level of
0.05, we can conclude that there is a statistically significant
difference between the two groups.

OK. then tell us the Effect Size of the t-value.
The effect size of the t-value (3.77) for the comparison between
Group one (n=39, M=86.39, SD=6.36) and Group two (n=47, M=80.51,
SD=7.82) is -0.92. The effect size is calculated using Cohen's
d, which is a measure of the standardized difference between the
means of two groups. In this case, a negative effect size
indicates that Group one had a higher mean than Group two, and
the magnitude of the effect size suggests a large difference
between the two groups. Specifically, a Cohen's d of -0.92
indicates that the mean of Group one was approximately 0.92
standard deviations higher than the mean of Group two.

Tell us approx what percentage of the students did perform
higher in the inperson class.
Based on the information provided, we can see that the mean
score for Group one (in-person class) is 86.39 with a standard
deviation of 6.36, while the mean score for Group two (online
class) is 80.51 with a standard deviation of 7.82.
The t-value for the independent samples t-test is 3.77 with 84
degrees of freedom. Using Cohen's d to calculate the effect
size, we get a value of -0.92.
To estimate the percentage of students who performed higher in
the in-person class, we need to define a cutoff point. Assuming
that a difference of 2 points in the exam score is considered
meaningful, we can calculate the percentage of students who
scored 2 or more points higher in the in-person class.
To do this, we need to calculate the difference in means between
the two groups divided by the pooled standard deviation:
d = (86.39 - 80.51) / sqrt(((39-1)(6.36)^2 + (47-1)(7.82)^2) /
(39 + 47 - 2)) d = 5.88 / 1.54 d = 3.82
Using a standard normal distribution table or calculator, we can
find that the proportion of students who performed 2 or more
points higher in the in-person class is approximately 98.3%.
Details available at
https://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/y.shimazu/withOrWithoutOnline.html
https://works.bepress.com/y_shimazu/1
https://sjsunews.com/article/spartans-say-zoom-classes-lack-quality-
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